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Compare Ashmore and Cartier Islands (2002) - Niue (2002)

Compare Ashmore and Cartier Islands (2002) z Niue (2002)

 Ashmore and Cartier Islands (2002)Niue (2002)
 Ashmore and Cartier IslandsNiue
Administrative divisions - none; note - there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are 14 villages at the second order
Age structure - 0-14 years: NA%


15-64 years: NA%


65 years and over: NA%
Agriculture - products - coconuts, passion fruit, honey, limes, taro, yams, cassava (tapioca), sweet potatoes; pigs, poultry, beef cattle
Airports - 1 (2001)
Airports - with paved runways - total: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2002)
Area total: 5 sq km


land: 5 sq km


water: 0 sq km


note: includes Ashmore Reef (West, Middle, and East Islets) and Cartier Island		 total: 260 sq km


land: 260 sq km


water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative about eight times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC 1.5 times the size of Washington, DC
Background These uninhabited islands came under Australian authority in 1931; formal administration began two years later. Ashmore Reef supports a rich and diverse avian and marine habitat; in 1983 it became a National Nature Reserve. Cartier Island, a former bombing range, is now a marine reserve. Niue's remoteness, as well as cultural and linguistic differences between its Polynesian inhabitants and those of the rest of the Cook Islands, have caused it to be separately administered. The population of the island continues to drop (from a peak of 5,200 in 1966 to about 2,100 in 2002) with substantial emigration to New Zealand, 2,400 km to the southwest.
Birth rate - NA births/1,000 population
Budget - revenues: $NA


expenditures: $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA
Capital - Alofi
Climate tropical tropical; modified by southeast trade winds
Coastline 74.1 km 64 km
Constitution - 19 October 1974 (Niue Constitution Act)
Country name conventional long form: Territory of Ashmore and Cartier Islands


conventional short form: Ashmore and Cartier Islands		 conventional long form: none


conventional short form: Niue


former: Savage Island
Currency - New Zealand dollar (NZD)
Death rate - NA deaths/1,000 population
Debt - external - $NA
Dependency status territory of Australia; administered by the Australian Department of Transport and Regional Services self-governing in free association with New Zealand since 1974; Niue fully responsible for internal affairs; New Zealand retains responsibility for external affairs and defense; however, these responsibilities confer no rights of control and are only exercised at the request of the Government of Niue
Diplomatic representation from the US none (territory of Australia) none (self-governing territory in free association with New Zealand)
Diplomatic representation in the US none (territory of Australia) none (self-governing territory in free association with New Zealand)
Disputes - international - none
Economic aid - recipient - $2.6 million from New Zealand (2002)
Economy - overview no economic activity The economy suffers from the typical Pacific island problems of geographic isolation, few resources, and a small population. Government expenditures regularly exceed revenues, and the shortfall is made up by critically needed grants from New Zealand that are used to pay wages to public employees. Niue has cut government expenditures by reducing the public service by almost half. The agricultural sector consists mainly of subsistence gardening, although some cash crops are grown for export. Industry consists primarily of small factories to process passion fruit, lime oil, honey, and coconut cream. The sale of postage stamps to foreign collectors is an important source of revenue. The island in recent years has suffered a serious loss of population because of migration of Niueans to New Zealand. Efforts to increase GDP include the promotion of tourism and a financial services industry, although Premier LAKATANI announced in February 2002 that Niue will shut down the offshore banking industry. Economic aid from New Zealand in 2002 will be about $2.6 million.
Electricity - consumption - 2.79 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - exports - 0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - imports - 0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - production - 3 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - production by source - fossil fuel: 100%


hydro: 0%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2000)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m


highest point: unnamed location 3 m		 lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m


highest point: unnamed location near Mutalau settlement 68 m
Environment - current issues NA increasing attention to conservationist practices to counter loss of soil fertility from traditional slash and burn agriculture
Environment - international agreements - party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification


signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
Ethnic groups - Polynesian (with some 200 Europeans, Samoans, and Tongans)
Exchange rates - New Zealand dollars per US dollar - 2.3535 (January 2002), 2.3776 (2001), 2.1863 (2000), 1.8886 (1999), 1.8629 (1998), 1.5082 (1997)
Executive branch - chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); the UK and New Zealand are represented by New Zealand High Commissioner John BRYAN (since NA May 2000)


head of government: Premier Young VIVIAN (since 1 May 2002)


cabinet: Cabinet consists of the premier and three ministers


elections: the monarch is hereditary; premier elected by the Legislative Assembly for a three-year term; election last held 1 May 2002 (next to be held NA May 2005)


election results: Young VIVIAN elected premier; percent of Legislative Assembly vote - Young VIVIAN (NPP) 70%, Hunukitama HUNUKI (AI)30%
Exports - $137,200 (1999)
Exports - commodities - canned coconut cream, copra, honey, vanilla, passion fruit products, pawpaws, root crops, limes, footballs, stamps, handicrafts
Exports - partners - NZ mainly, Fiji, Cook Islands, Australia
Fiscal year - 1 April - 31 March
Flag description the flag of Australia is used yellow with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant; the flag of the UK bears five yellow five-pointed stars - a large one on a blue disk in the center and a smaller one on each arm of the bold red cross
GDP - purchasing power parity - $7.6 million (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector - agriculture: NA%


industry: NA%


services: 55%
GDP - per capita - purchasing power parity - $3,600 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate - -0.3% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates 12 14 S, 123 05 E 19 02 S, 169 52 W
Geography - note Ashmore Reef National Nature Reserve established in August 1983 one of world's largest coral islands
Highways - total: 234 km


paved: 86 km


unpaved: 148 km (106 km of which is access and plantation road) (2001)
Household income or consumption by percentage share - lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
Imports - $2.38 million (1999)
Imports - commodities - food, live animals, manufactured goods, machinery, fuels, lubricants, chemicals, drugs
Imports - partners - NZ mainly, Fiji, Japan, Samoa, Australia, US
Independence - on 19 October 1974, Niue became a self-governing parliamentary government in free association with New Zealand
Industrial production growth rate - NA%
Industries - tourism, handicrafts, food processing
Infant mortality rate - NA deaths/1,000 live births
Inflation rate (consumer prices) - 1% (1995) (1995)
International organization participation - ACP, ESCAP (associate), FAO, Sparteca, SPC, SPF, UNESCO, WHO, WMO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) - 1 (2000)
Irrigated land 0 sq km (1998 est.) NA sq km
Judicial branch - Supreme Court of New Zealand; High Court of Niue
Labor force - NA
Labor force - by occupation - most work on family plantations; paid work exists only in government service, small industry, and the Niue Development Board
Land boundaries 0 km 0 km
Land use arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100% (all grass and sand) (1998 est.)		 arable land: 19.23%


permanent crops: 7.69%


other: 73.08% (1998 est.)
Languages - Niuean, a Polynesian language closely related to Tongan and Samoan; English
Legal system the laws of the Commonwealth of Australia and the laws of the Northern Territory of Australia, where applicable, apply English common law


note: Niue is self-governing, with the power to make its own laws
Legislative branch - unicameral Legislative Assembly (20 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve three-year terms; six elected from a common roll and 14 are village representatives)


elections: last held 21 March 2002 (next to be held in March 2005)


election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NPP 9, independents 11; note - all 20 seats were reelected
Life expectancy at birth - total population: NA years


male: NA years


female: NA years
Literacy - definition: NA


total population: 95%


male: NA%


female: NA%
Location Southeastern Asia, islands in the Indian Ocean, northwest of Australia Oceania, island in the South Pacific Ocean, east of Tonga
Map references Southeast Asia Oceania
Maritime claims contiguous zone: 12 NM


continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation


exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM


territorial sea: 12 NM		 exclusive economic zone: 200 NM


territorial sea: 12 NM
Merchant marine - none (2002 est.)
Military - note defense is the responsibility of Australia; periodic visits by the Royal Australian Navy and Royal Australian Air Force defense is the responsibility of New Zealand
Military branches - no regular indigenous military forces; Police Force
National holiday - Waitangi Day (Treaty of Waitangi established British sovereignty over New Zealand), 6 February (1840)
Nationality - noun: Niuean(s)


adjective: Niuean
Natural hazards surrounded by shoals and reefs that can pose maritime hazards typhoons
Natural resources fish fish, arable land
Net migration rate - NA migrant(s)/1,000 population
People - note the landing of illegal immigrants from Indonesia's Rote Island has become an ongoing problem -
Political parties and leaders - Niue People's Action Party or NPP [Young VIVIAN]; Alliance of Independents or AI [leader NA]
Political pressure groups and leaders - NA
Population no indigenous inhabitants


note: Indonesian fishermen are allowed access to the lagoon and fresh waster at Ashmore Reef's West Island		 2,134 (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line - NA%
Population growth rate - 0.5% (2002 est.)
Ports and harbors none; offshore anchorage only none; offshore anchorage only
Radio broadcast stations - AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios - 1,000 (1997)
Railways - 0 km
Religions - Ekalesia Niue (Niuean Church - a Protestant church closely related to the London Missionary Society) 75%, Latter-Day Saints 10%, other 15% (mostly Roman Catholic, Jehovah's Witnesses, Seventh-Day Adventist)
Sex ratio - NA
Suffrage - 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system - domestic: single-line telephone system connects all villages on island


international: NA
Telephones - main lines in use - 376 (1991)
Telephones - mobile cellular - 0 (1991)
Television broadcast stations - 1 (1997)
Terrain low with sand and coral steep limestone cliffs along coast, central plateau
Total fertility rate - NA children born/woman
Unemployment rate - NA%
Waterways none none
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